The Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) is a cold-water fish species found in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, known for its remarkable adaptability to some of the harshest aquatic environments on Earth. As a member of the salmonid family, it is closely related to salmon and trout, yet it thrives in conditions that would challenge most other fish. Arctic char inhabit deep, cold lakes, rivers, and coastal waters, often living in places where ice covers the water for much of the year.

One of the most fascinating features of the Arctic char is its highly variable life history. Some populations remain in freshwater their entire lives, while others are anadromous—migrating to the ocean to feed before returning to freshwater to spawn. This flexibility allows the species to occupy a wide range of habitats across the northern hemisphere.

Arctic char exhibit seasonal coloration, with individuals becoming more vibrant during spawning. Males may display striking orange or red undersides highlighted by pale spots. Like other salmonids, they lay their eggs in gravel nests, where the young emerge in spring.

Their diet typically includes insects, crustaceans, and smaller fish, adjusting with seasonal availability. Because Arctic char are sensitive to temperature changes and habitat quality, studying them provides valuable insights into climate impacts, freshwater ecology, and northern biodiversity.

Find your way to the Canada’s Arctic Gallery to see these fish.